Brain metastases refer to cancer cells that have spread from their original site in the body to the brain through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This is a common complication of advanced cancer, particularly breast, lung, and melanoma cancers. Brain metastases can cause symptoms such as headaches, seizures, changes in mental status, and neurological deficits. Research in the area of brain metastases focuses on understanding the mechanisms of how cancer cells spread to the brain, developing better treatments to target and treat these metastases, and improving quality of life for patients with brain metastases. This research includes studying different treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, as well as exploring the use of immunotherapy and novel therapeutic approaches. Additionally, research also focuses on identifying biomarkers for early detection of brain metastases and predicting treatment response.